Book No. 1
Book: The Confessions of Saint Augustine
Oxford World Classics
Translation: Henry Chadwick
I'm starting my Well-Educated Mind Biography Project with possibly the first biography ever written, Confessions by St. Augustine. Born in 354 A.D. in Thagaste, which is modern day Algeria, Augustine reveals his time as a boy growing up in North Africa, his profession as a teacher of rhetoric, his travels to Rome, his connections with the Manicheans*, and finally his conversion to Christianity. We, as a reader, are privileged to have a window into his life and internal struggles, as he asks questions about life and God.
*Manicheanism: a quasi-religion that taught a dualism of everything that is material is evil, and everything that is spirit is good. Their beliefs caused them to take rather bizarre views of Christian teachings such as: because God created a material world, he cannot be good; Jesus did not become man because all material is evil, etc.
First Stage of Reading:
What historical events coincide-or merge-with these
personal events?
Augustine lived in the Roman Empire during a time of political, social
and religious turmoil, which helped him to produce prolific amounts of writing
addressing these situations.
Augustine was born in a century where at the beginning, Christianity was a persecuted religion, yet at the end of the century most people of the Roman Empire were at least ostensibly Christian and Christianity was the official religion of the Empire. As the church attempted to determine its nature, there were many disputes among Christians and much of Augustine's writing deals with these issues. He also endeavoured to reconcile pagan thought with Christian values, one of the first Latin writers to explore the benefits of pagan ideas as well as assessing their limitations.
Augustine was born in a century where at the beginning, Christianity was a persecuted religion, yet at the end of the century most people of the Roman Empire were at least ostensibly Christian and Christianity was the official religion of the Empire. As the church attempted to determine its nature, there were many disputes among Christians and much of Augustine's writing deals with these issues. He also endeavoured to reconcile pagan thought with Christian values, one of the first Latin writers to explore the benefits of pagan ideas as well as assessing their limitations.
Who is the most important person (or people) in the
writer's life?
Perhaps the most important person in Augustine’s life was his mother, Monica. Her prayers and petitions for him were unceasing and what a wonderful thing for her to see him eventually become a believer.
Ambrose, the archbishop of Milan, was instrumental in Augustine's journey away from Manichean belief and towards a belief in God. Augustine respected his intellect and his influence on Augustine was unequivocal, as he encouraged him to look beyond the literal into the substance of the Bible, and asserted that a deeper meaning could be found there, contrary to what Augustine had learned from his Manichean teachers.
The Second Stage of Reading:
What is the theme that ties the narrative together?
Confession is the most important word in this work. It is as if Augustine must confess to make his journey
complete.
What is the life's turning point? Is there a
conversation?
Well, of course, Confessions is a very long conversation
of Augustine's with God. But in
reference to his conversion, I believe it was more a process. Augustine himself said that he believed
that God was with him and guiding him even when he was living with sin and
recriminations. He also makes
reference to not being ready to hear or act on certain convictions, so in
retrospect, while Confessions is a conversation with God, it is also the story
of his life. I like this
presentation because it makes his life meaningful; even though Augustine at
times made poor choices and employed wrong-thinking, none of his life, in
effect, was “wasted.”
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| The Confessions of Saint Augustine source Wikipedia |
The Third Stage of Reading:
What are the three moments, or time frames, of the
autobiography?
1.
As
a child, forming a poor character by stealing and valuing things that were superficial . He grew up accepting the social value of using knowledge as an end, rather than as a means to forming good character, yet he could see that there was no fruit in this approach to life.
2.
As a young man, being influenced by
friends and being draw into the Manichean beliefs as he searched for meaning in
the world. Augustine seemed to straddle the life of worldly pleasures and the search for a life of abiding faith.
3.
As a more mature man, finding a way of reconciling God to his intellect, converting to Christianity, discovering joy and peace, and writing his confessions.
Do you agree with what the writer has done?
I absolutely love that Augustine kept searching. We all get pulled into the world to a
certain extent, by technology, materialism, etc. and we all struggle with our
human nature. Augustine's search for God ended not only in finding Him, but by learning that God had been search for him all-along. And in
the end, Augustine was no longer living for himself but for God, a manner of living that
brought such joy and contentment to his spirit.
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| Saint Augustine & Saint Monica (1846) Ary Scheffer source Wikipedia |
This book is broken up into two section, the first being Augustine's autobiography (the first 9 books) and the second being theological & philosophical works (the last 4 books). With regard to the latter, Augustine's curiosity and quite astounding intellect can leave his reader going "huh?" as we try to navigate with him through the quite confusing realms of memory & senses, the meaning of time, and the book of Genesis and how it intersects with the Trinity. In retrospect, the change in tone between these two sections are perhaps not as unusual as they first appear. In the first nine autobiographical books, Augustine is dealing with the past, yet with the second section, he deals with the present and some of the thoughts that he is reflecting on during his life as a bishop. These subjects also tie into the material he has already presented: memory affects his presentation of his past experiences, time relates to the existence of his past recollections, and the chapters on Genesis and the Trinity are reminiscent of his earlier inquiries on how to read the Bible and how to view God.
During my first reading of Confessions, the last few chapters honestly went over my head, but with this second reading, I was able to follow Augustine's train of thought at least now and then. I will definitely re-read this book in the future. There is so much to draw from this great intellect and I still feel that I have only scratched the surface.
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| Portrait by Phillipe de Champaigne 17th century source Wikipedia |
Favourite Quotes:
“If anyone find your simultaneity
beyond his understanding, it is not for me to explain it. Let him be content to say ‘What is
this?’ (Exod. 16:15). So too let
him rejoice and delight in finding you who are beyond discovery rather than
fail to find you by supposing you to be discoverable.”
In our present time, where progress counts
for so much, how many people would be content with not knowing? And how paradoxical that a desire for
discovery of something unknowable, actually brings less knowledge than “not knowing”.
“There is never an obligation to be
obedient to orders which it would be pernicious to obey.”
Further reading:
http://www.college.columbia.edu/core/node/1759
#mediaviewer/File:Augustine_Confessiones.jpg){kind=link}
Great job, tackling those inquiries.
ReplyDeleteI didn't think about it until you brought it to my attention, but that had to have been a joy to witness the Empire change from anti-Christian to acceptance of Christianity.
I will definitely have to reread Confessions again in the future to gain a different perspective next time. There was so much to ingest.
Thanks, Ruth. Originally my answers were pretty basic but I found I wanted to have some context so I did a little research.
DeleteIt would have been interesting to experience the changes. I've read Athanasius' On The Incarnation, so I've read about some of the heresies that he had to address. Both books give a sense of the obstacles and challenges of the growth of Christianity ….. it would have been a fascinating time in which to live.
After a long day of reading I will end it with a glance at your review. I read this book many years ago and remember very little. It is definitely a re-read choice. I liked the advice of Ambrose: " look beyond de literal and into the substance" . That is something I can keep in my mind while reading. Confessing, everyone has felt the relief one time or another to just admit what is bothering you. St. Augustine confessed, searched and finally found what he was looking for. Deep, intense review....
ReplyDeleteAnd I only answered a couple of questions per stage of reading! Imagine if I'd answered them all! ;-)
DeleteI'm not Catholic but I've always thought that the act of confessing would be very cathartic. And it would also give a person practice at admitting their faults, something that we're not very good at nowadays.
A great book I enjoyed many years ago. Please keep in mind that the word confession at the time he was writing had 2 meanings in Latin
ReplyDeleteCould you share with us, Wordsandpeace, what those meanings are?
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